Quantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and Ripley’s K function

Abstract Activated carbon can be manufactured from waste coffee grounds via physical and/or chemical activation processes. However, challenges remain to quantify the differences in surface morphology between activated granules and grounds. This paper presents a novel quantitative method determine quality of processes performed presence intensity inhomogeneity identify characteristics The spatial density was calculated by Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic scanning electron microscopy images. were determined analyzing Ripley’s K function complete randomness. Results show that introduced this is capable distinguishing grounds, terms morphology.